determinants of health Essay - 1371 Words

Health Promotion Essay- The Determinants of Health The determinants of health are economic and social conditions that affect people’s health status. These influence the living and working conditions that impacts people’s everyday living condition. Factors such as the place and the environment we live in, genetics, educational level or work status and income, as well as friends and family are some of the aspects that affects our health condition. On the other hand, the people that have an access to good health care and have financial stability are less susceptible and are often less affected. (NANB, 2009) There are difficulties and challenges on how to facilitate and what tools to use to resolve the determinants of health such as†¦show more content†¦Income and social status is one of the determinants of health. Being able to have a secured, low cost housing that provides for every individual or family during their whole lifetime is a major determinant of heal th and is important to good health. As Dr. David Hulchanski and colleague’s research â€Å"Three Cities† at the University of Toronto stated; â€Å"Housing insecurity is linked to income insecurity which is, in turn, leads to illness and premature death† (RNAO,2013). People who live in the street are more susceptible to physical and mental problem and are likely to die early due to sickness compared to general population. Homeless population are vulnerable to communicable diseases and substance abuse and this may jeopardize their health situation (RNAO, 2013). Health conditions become better as income and social status improve. Higher income means the affordability of an individual for a better way of life and providing their family a safe and secured environment. Being able to afford enough nutritious food on the table to share with the whole family is one of the most important things that an individual can hope for. In most cases, higher income and social status means more control and choices in their everyday lives. Some studies show that restricted options and poor coping skills while handling stress raises exposure that can lead to different kinds of diseases involving immune and hormonal systems. According toShow MoreRelatedThe Social Determinants Of Health2207 Words   |  9 Pagesdisadvantage and significantly more health problems than the non-Aboriginal Torres strait Islander population in Australia† The social determinants of health Health as a whole is determined by the quality of life, as well as an individuals’ ability to create personal positive social and physical environments. These environments include homes, schools, workplaces and the community as a whole. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO, 2003), the social determinants of health are conditions in whichRead MoreSocial Determinants Of Health And Health Disparities1724 Words   |  7 Pagespublic health analysis have increasingly focused on how social determinants of health influence health outcomes and disparities (Clarke, C. E., Niederdeppe, J., Lundell, H. C., 2012). They have also explored strategies for raising public awareness and mobilizing support for policies to address social determinants of health, with particular attention to narrative and image-based information Clarke, C. E., Niederdeppe, J., Lundell, H. C., 2012). The relationship between the social determinants of healthRead MoreHealth Determinants1423 Words   |à ‚  6 PagesName Professor’s Name Institution DATE Health Determinants Introduction Health plays an important factor in the everyday life. In our society, there are those who stay healthy while others always unhealthy. In the field of nursing, it is important to find out reasons as to why lack of health is a continuing problem in the society. This is the key to becoming effective in the sector. The parameters that define health are known as health determinants. These range from social, economic, personalRead MoreHealth Determinants1435 Words   |  6 PagesCode + Name Professor’s Name Institution DATE Health Determinants Introduction Health plays an important factor in the everyday life. In our society, there are those who stay healthy while others always unhealthy. In the field of nursing, it is important to find out reasons as to why lack of health is a continuing problem in the society. This is the key to becoming effective in the sector. The parameters that define health are known as health determinants. These range from social, economic, personalRead MoreDeterminants of Health1014 Words   |  5 PagesMany factors combine together to affect the health of individuals and communities. Whether people are healthy or not, is determined by their circumstances and environment. Factors such as where we live, the state of our environment, genetics, our income and education level, and our relationships with friends and family all have considerable impacts on health HOW JUNK FOOD INFLUENCE OUR LIFE *   JUNK FOOD is a slang term for food that is low in nutritional value, often highly processed orRead MoreThe Social Determinants Of Health And Health898 Words   |  4 PagesMental health outcomes vary differently by socioeconomic location for women and men. It is important to critically analyze the various social locations that low-income women living with mental health concerns are currently occupying. These women are occupying these social locations because of the structural inequities that they encounter in relation to their experiences with the social determinants of health. Explanatory frameworks are used to illustrate the relationship between the social determinantsRead MoreHealth Policies and Health Determinants1438 Words   |  6 PagesReceived - A Discuss the ways that health can be conceptualized by a society. What are the determinants of health in humans? What is the connection between how a society defines health and how it pursues health? Has increased access to technology changed that perception over the last decade? Discuss the connection between health policies, health determinants, and health. Abstract Health policies, health determinants and health are all categories that are intertwinedRead MoreSocial Determinants Of Health And Health1170 Words   |  5 PagesSocial determinants of health are social, economic and physical factors that affect the health of individuals in any given population. There are fourteen social determinants of health but Income is perhaps the most important of these because it shapes living conditions, influences health related behaviors, and determines food security. In Canada, people with lower incomes are more susceptible to disease/ conditions, higher mortality rate, decreased life expectancy and poorer perceived health than peopleRead MoreSocial Determinants Of Health And Health873 Words   |  4 Pages Better research on immigrant health and health outcomes would go a long way to shining a light on how to tackle these problems. The current debate in the research concentrates on social determinants of health such as acculturation, which of course influences a lot of other health and healthcare decisions made by immigrants. However, only focusing on social determinants of health undermines the importance of other factors that also heavily affect immigrant health in the United States. SpecificallyRead MoreThe Social Determinants Of Health1623 Words   |  7 PagesStress has been identified as one of the social determinants of health. It has different meanings in various contexts, so a proper definition will give a good insight of the term.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stress can be defined as a state of emotional or mental disturbance resulting from adverse or demanding conditions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stress can also be defined as a physical, chemical, or emotional factor that causes bodily or mental disturbance and could be a causal in disease formation. Stresses

Poverty Inequality The United States - 1040 Words

Poverty is one of the greatest problems in the United States today. Poverty is the state or condition of having little or no money, goods, or means of support; a condition of being poor.Many people, especially African Americans and children, live in poverty. People in poverty are left to face different social, cultural, physical and mental challenges.The American Dream is to have a well paying job and to be comfortable, but most Americans are forced to live a life of poverty. Although the United States is one of the richest countries in the world, the rate of poverty and income inequality is still relatively high. Economic Inequality is the reason why poverty is increasing, and equal opportunity is reducing. 1 Although social and political inequalities are the main reasons why African Americans are the poorest in the country, economic inequality also has a part to play in this. It is commonly believed that people s negligence make them go into poverty. 2The roles that social, economic and political systems play in affecting people s standards of living are often overlooked.3 Although the equal rights act was passed in 1964, African Americans still do not get the opportunities that white Americans get.4 In the country today, African Americans get lower paying jobs compared to whites. According to Institute on Research for Poverty, the rate of poverty of African Americans in the United States from 1959-2012 is 27.2% which is higher than any other race in the country.5 InShow MoreRelatedPoverty Inequality Of The United States1984 Words   |  8 PagesSince the early 1980s in the United States, there has been a big push advocating for tax cuts benefitting the wealthiest Americans at the expense of investing in education, infrastructure, child care, and income supports that would help raise well-off children to be productive adults. As a result of this, the gap between the rich and the poor has grown wider, making the wealthy more willing to sacrifice overall economic growth in exchange for the larger share of money that they are getting for themselvesRead MorePoverty And Inequality Between The United States Of America And India Essay2035 Words   |  9 Pagesthe key differences in poverty and inequality between the United States of America and India. We chose these two countries to analyze as inequality and poverty are difficult to compare and contrast on a global scale between all 196 countries. India and USA are also similar at key fundamental l evels. We will compare the USA and India across eight key areas in order to come to a conclusion on the driving factors that have created the clear disparities in inequality and poverty between the two countriesRead MoreAlex de Tocquevilles Teachings on Inequality and Poverty in the United States2368 Words   |  10 Pagescommon level, and he will form some inequality somewhere to his own profit.† Through the ages, income inequality has caused class conflict, created political systems (communism), and has simultaneously promoted vast increases in wealth and technological advances. The purpose of this paper is to research and examine the benefits and detriments, or pros and cons, of income inequality and to then render my opinion regarding my findings. Because income inequality is vast in nature, this paper willRead MoreMicroeconomics : Income And The United States1702 Words   |  7 PagesMicroeconomics: Income Inequity in the United States No matter which country you would look into whether it’s from wealthier to those less wealthy countries through the eyes of economics, there are bound to be types of inequity within their borders. Inequity is a very crucial problem in the United States, you would think that our economy here in the states is booming, and the citizens are living life easy or without worry. Life is the United States isn’t as it seems, in fact, Inequity is in factRead MoreThe Issue Of Income Inequality Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pagesof the most deeply divisive issues in the United States is the question of income inequality: whether it exists and whether we are obliged to address it. The â€Å"American Dream† ideology which permeates most aspects of our daily life, influences an automatic response to income inequality to be that those at the bottom are not working hard enough and that those at the top have earned their wealth through hard work. These perceptions of poverty and ineq uality limit productive conversation that can leadRead MoreIs Inequity A Big Problem? The United States?1714 Words   |  7 Pagesof inequity within their borders. Inequity is a very crucial problem in the United States, you would think that our economy here in the states is booming, and the citizens are living life easy or without worry. Life is the United States isn’t as it seems, in fact, Inequity is in fact a big problem even in the United States. Over the years, there has been millions of Americans that were considered to be in poor or in poverty line that are not able to provide for themselves and their families. We canRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article The American Ideal 964 Words   |  4 Pagesconstitution, the United States has not lived up to the ideal of equality. Economic inequality has surged into a greater issue over the past several years. Gender inequality is something that has began to reduce in the US ever since the 1900s. Even though big changes have been made, gender inequality stills exists in the workplace due to many reasons. Furthermore, ever since colonial times, racism has been a prodigious problem in the United States . Examples of racial inequality includes poverty and educationRead MorePublic Economics1471 Words   |  6 Pagesrespect to inequality and poverty how does Ireland compare to other Western industrialized countries? | Padraig Mc Govern | | 08604070 | 3/9/2012 | Lecturer: Professor Eamon O Shea Course code: 4BCM1 Introduction The following essay will compare Ireland with respect to inequality and poverty to the United States and the United Kingdom. I will use the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in order to analyse their position in the world’s economy; identify how to measure poverty; the mainRead MorePublic Economics1463 Words   |  6 Pagesrespect to inequality and poverty how does Ireland compare to other Western industrialized countries? | Padraig Mc Govern | | 08604070 | 3/9/2012 | Lecturer: Professor Eamon O Shea Course code: 4BCM1 Introduction The following essay will compare Ireland with respect to inequality and poverty to the United States and the United Kingdom. I will use the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in order to analyse their position in the world’s economy; identify how to measure poverty; the main reasonsRead MoreThe Effects of Wealth Inequality in the U.S.1484 Words   |  6 PagesAnthony Giovenco Political Science Inequality Paper 12-18-14 The Effects of Wealth Inequality in the United States Wealth inequality in the United States has grown tremendously since 1970. The United States continuously reveals higher rates of inequality as a result of perpetual support for free market capitalism. The high rates of wealth inequality cause the growing financial crisis to persist, lower socio-economic mobility, increase national poverty, and have adverse effects on health and

Wal-Mart Penetrating Cities Free Essays

Business opportunities do not necessarily come as fixed process transactions. Apparently, when an established company has already earned a good market reputation, the next step for it is to increase its business quality output in terms of maximizing its earning potential through various channels. The aspects of customer service, supplier partnership and logistics can greatly induce more earnings if delegated correctly. We will write a custom essay sample on Wal-Mart: Penetrating Cities or any similar topic only for you Order Now For Wal-Mart, the world’s largest retailer according to Fishman’s article, the best possible concept is penetrating into cities and establishes a ‘grass root’ foundation within segmented markets. One of the main advantages of having this approach for Wal-Mart is that the company can easily manage its logistic procedures. In a compact city, it is much easier to transport merchandises within specified small locations. Good logistic systems can utilize the best resources inside and outside the company span (Brewer 12). This could easily save time and money resources for the business therefore improving inventory and tracking delivery transactions. Another good benefit in this city-concentration approach is that if Wal-Mart can establish a mini counterpart of retail outlets within cities, it would be very difficult for the competitor to have a head-on collision with the company since the brand Wal-Mart speaks for itself in terms of advertising. Also people will have greater access to Wal-Mart’s services and may at least feel they have a customized branch outlet of the company since the stores will comply with the laws accepted within the city parameters, thus increasing the company’s sales. Just like what the company has done in Monona, Wisconsin, a customized super center was established as shoppers get great benefits in terms of convenience and huge savings (Wal-Mart Facts 1). Just like any business approaches, penetrating cities can also pose some disadvantages. For one, the establishment of new satellite stores in cities requires great investment allocations. This could impose a certain degree of Wal-Mart’s capital calculation. Moreover, commodity allocation per store can become a problem since the company head administration will need to monitor each and every merchant units in all the cities it has established its branches. Establishing a business presence in a local city can greatly increase customer satisfaction and convenience. However, there should always be a way to weigh the investment costs and profit accumulation before a company can initiate this kind of approach. For Wal-Mart, since it already has an established name with huge capitals, penetrating cities can be the best way to expand its specific market influence. Works Cited Brewer, Ann. â€Å"Handbook of Logistics and Supply-Chain Management.† Google Books. 2001. 10 Mar 2008 http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=3Zfp8F0AOAUCpg=PA12lpg=PA12dq=importance+of+good+logisticssource=webots=darvcNFR14sig=NV7fY356nwEozHLV8ooQ418-jiQhl=en. Fishman, Charles. â€Å"The Wal-Mart You Don’t Know.† FastCompany. 2003. 10 Mar 2008 http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/77/walmart.html. Wal-Mart, â€Å"New Super center Is Custom-Made for Monona .† Wal-Mart Facts. 2008. 10 How to cite Wal-Mart: Penetrating Cities, Essay examples

Auditing and Assurance Services A Systematic Approach

Question: Discuss about the Auditing and Assurance Services for A Systematic Approach. Answer: Introduction: Auditing is the verification of the accounts and the report prepared by the auditors forms an integral part of the financial statement being audited. Qualified and unqualified audit report is two types of the audit report prepared by the auditors. Qualified audit reports comes with the limitation in the scope of the work performed by auditors. The unqualified report on the other hand propose that the business has presented its financial statements in a fairly manner in all the material aspects (Arens, 2016). In the given case, the unqualified audit report of the Impulse Pty limited for the year 2012 ending 30th June was presented by the King and queen. The company witnessed a drop in the inventory and asset turnover accompanied with lack of liquid assets. King and queen was well acquainted with the facts but no additional action was taken by the audit firms in valuing the assets. EFL granted the loan to the Impulse Pty limited based on the audit report prepared by the King and queen. EFL was unable to recover the amount of loan which was mainly attributable to the negligence of the auditors (Beasley et al., 2012). The cases which are specific to the relevance relating to the answer above is given below: The case is about the auditing done by the KPMG and the case was Law Society vs. KPMG Peat Marwick and Others; CHD 3 NOV, 1999. The compensation fund of the society relies on the decision of the auditors, which the auditing firm was very well acquainted with. Due to the negligence on the part of the auditors, the society was not able to discover the malpractices. In this regard, the auditors was held liable for neglecting the professional responsibility (Eilifsen et al., 2013). Another case can be considered of the Hedley Byrne and Co Ltd v Heller and Partners (1964) AC 465. The procedure and the good conduct of the audit of the company was impacted by auditors negligence. The judgment was passed by the court that the report presented by the auditors has an impact on the decision taken by the firm being audited. The answer to this question would depend on the consent of the audited party. As per the principle of confidentiality, no disclosure about the confidentiality of the firms being audited should be made by the auditors. In some special case, the disclosure can be made by the auditors on the special instruction given by the company being audited (Glover et al., 2014). If the Impulse Pty Limited has asked the King and queen to disclose the information about its financial health, and if they did not disclose the information, then they would be held liable to EFL. On the other hand, if the Impulse Pty Limited has instructed the King and queen not to disclose the information as disclosure of the internal information are against the GAAP principles. In this case, King and Queen cannot be held liable to EFL. Actual independence: The actual independence mainly concerns with the state of mind of the auditors and the way auditors deal with the particular situation. Another name of the actual independence is the real independence. It is the capability of the auditors to make the independent decisions on the audit report of the company despite the fact that they have been placed in the compromising situation by the directors of the company (Louwers et al., 2013). The goal of independence of the auditors is achieved by the actual independence. The credibility and the reliability of the financial statements are validated and assured by the actual independence. The task of the auditing can be performed in an unbiased and objective manner. Perceived independence: The perception of the auditors in tackling and solving the various problems concerning the audit is the perceived independence. A particular situation is perceived by the auditors in different way, which helps them in arriving at the optimal solutions. Since the perception varies across auditors, the perceived independence cannot be judged using any particular process. The consideration of the independence of the auditors by the third party form the client by looking into the arrangement is the perceived independence (Stuart 2012). Bob is performing the two task at a time in the scenario one. He is undertaking the studies at the University and is the audit assistant of the Club Casino. While auditing the accounts of Club Casino, he came across some confidential information, which he used completing his assignment by deleting all the references and doing this made him breach the fundamental principle concerning confidentiality. The confidentiality of the information needs to be maintained by the auditors while performing the process of auditing. Bob has disclosed the financial information by using the same in the assignment and thus breaching the integrity and confidentiality information (Messier 2016). Ace Limited has Wendy as its audit partner for long time. Wendy has been asked to performing the duties of company secretary for the period of six month. The section 130, requires the entity to perform the obligation in accordance with the regulations and rules and should not perform that would disregard its profession. The principle of professional competence is getting breached by the appointment of Wendy for temporary handling the duties of the company secretary. Assigning Leo to perform the task of auditing, when he is entitled to perform the internal control system of the payment of the cash is regarded as breaching the fundamental principle of integrity. It is prescribed by the audit principles, that the son, daughter, relative or an employee cannot become the audit partner of the company. Removal of Leo from the auditors position should be the remedial action. The non-payment of the audit fees by the classic reproduction to their audit firm, Chan and associates lead to former receiving threats. Payment of the fees using the furniture and offering the shares of the unlisted company would not be regarded as morally acceptable. This would lead to the breaching of the principles relating to the audit fees and acceptance of the gifts in kind is regarded as unethical (William et al., 2016). Reference: Arens, A. A. (2016).Auditing and Assurance Services: Student Value Edition. Prentice Hall. Beasley, M., Elder, R., Arens, A. (2012). Auditing and assurance services. Eilifsen, A., Messier, W. F., Glover, S. M., Prawitt, D. F. (2013).Auditing and assurance services. McGraw-Hill. Glover, S. M., Prawitt, D. F., Messier, W. F. (2014).Auditing assurance services: a systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Education. Louwers, T. J., Ramsay, R. J., Sinason, D. H., Strawser, J. R., Thibodeau, J. C. (2013).Auditing and assurance services. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Messier Jr, W. (2016).Auditing assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Stuart, I. (2012).Auditing and assurance services: an applied approach. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. William Jr, M., Glover, S., Prawitt, D. (2016). Auditing and Assurance Services: A Systematic Approach.Auditing and Assurance Services: A Systematic Approach.